1. Identify four main skills for a sport of your choice.
2. Research the ' Perfect Model' for each of these skills.
3. What are the common faults for these skills?
4. How do you plan to 'fix' technique in your role as a coach?
Once completed, post your findings onto this site.
DEADLINE:- Thursday 18th September 2008
3 comments:
A Level P.E.
Climbing
Belaying is a basic skill that is needed in order to ensure the safety of a climber. Belaying is the technique of controlling the rope attached to the climber, so that should they fall they would not fall very far. It is necessary for the belayer to pay very close attention to the climbers situation so they are ready to pay out or take in slack in the rope, also to prevent the climber falling should they come off the wall.
Once the climber has reached the top of a route the belayer then has to lower the climber back down.
There
needs to be good communication between climber and belayer. As it is not always possible to see the climber’s situation, the climber may have to tell the belayer if they need to pay out or take in slack etc.
It is essential the before every climb that the belayer and climber check each other, this is to make sure that they have the harness on correctly, the climber is tied in correctly and that the balayer has properly attached the belay device.
Common mistakes with belaying are that climber and belayer do not check each other before starting to climb; this is bad because if either person is not attached to the rope correctly there is nothing stopping the climber from falling to the ground.
Another problem is the climber being heavier than the belayer; this is a problem because if the climber falls off the wall the belayer could be lifted off the ground. This problem is solved by using a ground anchor, this is a length of webbing that is attached to the ground and the belayer in order to prevent them being lifted off the ground.
Another important skill that is needed when climbing is knowing how to tie on to the rope. The whole point of wearing a harness when climbing is for an attachment point to the rope. The most common knot used to tie in is a ‘figure 8 follow through’ knot.
After tying the initial figure 8 knot the end of the rope is then looped through the harness and followed round the original figure 8.
After this has been done a second knot is used called a ‘stopper’ or ‘safety’ knot. The purpose of this knot is to get rid of the loose end of the rope and also to stop the figure 8 knot coming undone. The loose end of the rope is wrapped downwards around the rope just above the figure 8. the rope should be wrapped around about 2 or 3 times. Then the loose end is threaded up through the centre of the coils and pulled tight.
Four core skills in different types of spin bowling
Off spin/break bowling
The most orthodox type of spin bowling is the off spin ball. The objective of this type of spin is to spin the ball as much as possible so that when the ball hits the ground it will spin back in towards the right handed batsmen or spin away from the left handed batsmen. While in the air the objective is to get flight which means to move the ball in the air away from the right handed batsmen and then when the ball hits the ground the spin will come into play. To do this the bowler will have to hold the ball horizontally across the seam with the index and middle fingers; the ball rests against the bent third finger; the thumb has little involvement in this action it just supports the ball; the ball should come out of your hand while your arm is at a 45 degree angle. To bowl a good off spin ball and to get as much spin as possible. The seam of the ball should come out at 90 degrees. An example of a good off spinner is Graeme Swann (England). Some of the common Faults of this action are bowlers trying to bowl to fast and by doing this you won`t get the flight and as mush spin on the ball and by doing this it is not achieving your project. A way to overcome this is to not rush things when bowling.
Leg spin bowling
The most controversial type of spin bowling and the hardest to master is the leg spin type of ball but if you can master this you can get plenty of wickets. The objective of this type of spin is to get as much spin as possible away from the right handed batsmen and in towards the left handed batsmen, making it tricky for the batsmen to play the ball because of the increased risk of edging the ball in the air to the fielders. To do this type of spin it will take time and a lot of practice as this is one of the trickiest types of bowling to master. You will have to grip the ball horizontally across the seam with the index and the middle fingers with the ball resting between the thumb and a bent third finger. As you run/walk into bowl you need to have a good rhythm and as you bowl the ball, the ball should come out of the back of your hand, the palm of your hand should end up facing upwards creating a good amount of spin on the ball allowing it to move away from the right handed batsmen. Your bowling arm should remain strait throughout the release of the ball. An example of a master of leg spin is Shane Warne (Australia) who is the world seconds leading wicket taker with 708 wickets in test matches. Some common faults for this type of bowling is not placing the ball in the correct places and not spinning the ball as much as possible. A way to overcome these faults are to not run in to side on and not to straight otherwise if you run in to straight the ball will not spin as much but if you run in sideways to much you will get lots of spin but will not have the accuracy to place the ball consistently in the right places.
The Flipper
This type of ball is normally in the leg spinners artillery to trick the batsmen into thinking that it`s a leg spinner. This type of ball is used to great effect by Shane Warne and is one of the hardest variations of ball to bowl by the leg spinner. The objective of this type of ball is to create the illusion that the ball will spin away from the batsmen effectively turning into a leg spinner but it will actually and come out of the side of the hand instead of the back of the hand, but it will look like it came out of the back of your hand but the ball will actually skid low, fast, spin backwards and straiten making the ball tricky to play because you cannot tell what type of variation of leg spin it is. To do this type of variation of bowling it will take time and a lot of practice to master this ball. To bowl this ball you will have to hold the ball across the seam horizontally like a leg spinner, holding the ball with your index and middle with the ball resting between your thumb and your bent third finger. As you run/walk into bowl the ball, the ball is squeezed out between the fingers and the thumb in a clicking motion creating backspin, skid, lowness, and pace. As the ball comes out, your thumb and index finger should end up facing the batsmen with your hips driving the ball towards the batsmen with good follow through. A good example for this ball is Shane Warne. A common fault for this action is in the middle of releasing the ball is not releasing the ball like you planed because it is not a normal action and can be tricky to get right because it is not a natural hand position.
Left arm bowling
This type of bowling is used for leg spin bowlers and is the same action as an off spin bowling but is for left arm bowlers and can be more effective than a right arm bowler because of the turn away from the batsman can be more effective than to spin the ball into the batsman. The objective of this type of bowling is to get flight in towards the batsman and then spin the ball away from the batsman like a right arm leg spinner. The ball is tricky to read because of the flight that is put on the ball and can be tricky to decide what shot to play when the ball is placed in the correct place. To do this type of bowling you will have to be left handed. To perform this action you will have to hold the ball exactly the same as you would for an off spin bowler. Your arm position should be in the same place as for an off spinner and your arm should be at a 45 degree angle when the ball is released. You should hold the ball on the seam horizontally to get as much spin as possible. A good example of left arm bowling is Daniel Vettori of New Zealand. Some common fault of this action is the same for off spin bowling are trying to bowl to fast and by doing this you will not get as much spin and flight as you would if you just bowled normally. Too overcome this take it slowly and not to rush bowling.
Reuben Williams
NICKI BROWNLIE
AS PE analysis of performance
Badminton
Four skills which can be used in badminton are the
- high serve
- over head clear
- smash
-drop shot
High serve

To perform a high serve in badminton the play needs to :
- be standing with opposite leg forward from the hand which is holding the racket
- the shuttle must be from below the waist
-this shot should be hit with enough power so that the shuttle goes over the opponents head but so that it doesn’t go out of play
Common fault: a common fault with the high serve is that the player may shot to hard and the shuttle goes out of play, in the old rules the player would then lose their serve and their point, whereas in the new rules they have a second serve.
This shot can be improved in training by the player continuously performing the high serve. This is will help the player see how much power is needed and where in the service box to aim for.
Over head clear

To prepare for the over head clear you must :
- you should have the opposite leg forward from the hand which is holding the racket
- the racket should be held high.
- the shuttle should be hit early, and the racket follow through
- this shot also requires a lot of power but you need to ensure that you hit the shot to hard so the shuttle goes out of play
- this shot can be disguised with the smash and drop shot
A common fault with this shot is that the shuttle is hit to hard and if goes out of play, in which the player would lose the point.
This shot can be improved in training by a continuous over head clear rally, this will help the player see how much power is needed for this shot to reach the back for the court but still be in player, this can also help the player see when other shots can be used to their advantage.
Smash

To prepare for this shot you must :
- have the opposite leg forward from the hand which is holding the racket
- the racket should be held high
- the shuttle should be hit early
- this shot requires a lot of power
- the shuttle should be hit in a downwards direction
- this shot should be aimed at the opponent on the tram lines
- the racket should follow through
- this shot can be disguised with the over head clear and drop shot
A common fault in this shot is that the player may not put enough power into the shot and the opponent is able to dig the shot back over the net .
This can be improved in training by a combination of a high serve, over head clear and then the smash, this will help the player because this will allow them to see how much power they will need to use to make the shot effective also through the combination they can see that the shot can be used to their advantage .
Drop shot

To prepare for this shot you need to :
- stand with opposite leg forward from the hand holding the racket
- the racket should be held high
- the shot requires little power, but enough so that the shuttle falls over the net
- the racket should not follow through
- the shuttle should just have a gentle tap so it lands over the net
- this shot can be disguised with the smash or over head clear
A common fault with this shot is that the player does not hit the shuttle hard enough so the shuttle does not go over the net and the opponent wins the point.
This shot can be improved in training by a combination of high serve, over head clear, then the drop shot, this will help the player because it will allow them to test how much power they could use to make the shot effective. This can also allow them see when the shot can be used to their advantage.
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